5-causes of infertility in human

Overview of Infertility

Infertility is usually defined as the inability of a couple to achieve a pregnancy after repeated intercourse without contraception for 1 year.

Frequent intercourse without birth control usually results in pregnancy:

 

For 50% of couples within 3 months

For 75% within 6 months

For 90% within 1 year

To maximize the chance of pregnancy, couples should have frequent intercourse in the 6 days—and particularly the 3 days—before the ovaries release an egg (ovulation). Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle, which is about 14 days before the first day of a women's next period.

 

Two of the more common methods women can use to estimate when ovulation occurs are

 

Measurement of body temperature at rest (basal body temperature)

Home ovulation predictor kits (probably the best way)

If women have regular periods, they can estimate when ovulation occurs by measuring their temperature each day before they get out of bed. A decrease suggests that ovulation is about to occur. An increase of 0.9° F (0.5° C) or more suggests ovulation has just occurred. However, this method is inconvenient for many women and is not reliable or precise. At best, it predicts ovulation only within 2 days.

 

Basal Body Temperature

basal_body_temperature_high_blausen

 

Home ovulation prediction kits are more accurate. These kits are used to detect an increase in luteinizing hormone in the urine. (Luteinizing hormone stimulates the ovaries to stimulate ovulation.) Usually, this increase occurs 24 to 36 hours before ovulation. Women usually need to repeat the test for several consecutive days, so kits typically include five to seven sticks. The sticks can be held under a stream of urine or dipped into urine that is collected in a sterile container.

 

Whether estimating when ovulation will occur increases the chance of pregnancy for couple who have intercourse regularly is unknown. However, estimating when ovulation will occur is likely to help couples who do not have intercourse regularly estimate when the best time for intercourse is.

 

Up to one in five couples in the United States do not conceive for at least a year and are thus considered infertile. However, of the couples who have not conceived after a year of trying, more than 60% conceive eventually, with or without treatment.

 

Causes of Infertility

The cause of infertility may be due to problems in the man, the woman, or both:

 

Problems with sperm (in 35% or more of couples)

Problems with the fallopian tubes and abnormalities in the pelvis (in about 30%)

Problems with ovulation (in about 20%)

Problems with cervical mucus (in 5% or fewer)

Unidentified factors (in about 10%)

Consuming a lot of caffeine (for example, more than 5 to 6 cups of coffee per day), using excess tobacco, and/or drinking excess alcohol can impair fertility in women and should be avoided.

 

Diagnosis of Infertility

A doctor's evaluation

Various tests depending on the suspected cause

The diagnosis of infertility problems requires a thorough assessment of both partners. Usually, the assessment is done after at least 1 year of trying to achieve a pregnancy. However, it is done sooner if

 

The woman is over 35 (usually after 6 months of trying to become pregnant).

The woman's menstrual periods occur infrequently (fewer than nine times a year).

The woman has a previously identified abnormality of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries.

Doctors have identified or suspect problems with sperm in the man.

Age is a factor, especially for women. As women age, becoming pregnant becomes more difficult, and the risk of complications during pregnancy increases. Also, women, particularly after age 35, have a limited time to resolve infertility problems before menopause.

 

Tests are done depending on the suspected cause. They may include

 

For problems with eggs: Blood tests to measure the hormones involved in the release of eggs (ovulation) by the ovaries, such as follicle-stimulating hormone

For problems with ovulation: Ultrasonography to determine whether and when ovulation occurs

For sperm disorders: Semen analysis

Treatment of Infertility

Treatment of the cause

Sometimes drugs

Sometimes assisted reproductive techniques

Measures to lessen stress, including counseling and support

The goals of treatment are

 

To treat the cause of infertility if possible

To make conception more likely

To reduce the time needed to conceive

Even when no cause of infertility can be identified, the couple may still be treated. In such cases, the woman may be given drugs that stimulate several eggs to mature and be released—so-called fertility drugs. Examples are clomiphene, letrozole, and human gonadotropins. These drugs are most helpful for women who have problems with ovulation. However, fertility drugs increase the chances of having more than one fetus.

 

Alternatively, doctors may use assisted reproductive techniques, such as

 

An intrauterine insemination technique that selects only the most active sperm, which are then placed directly in the uterus

In vitro fertilization (IVF), which involves stimulating the ovaries, retrieving the mature eggs, fertilizing them with sperm in culture dishes (in vitro), growing the embryos in the culture, and implanting one or more embryos in the woman's uterus

Assisted reproductive techniques may result in more than one fetus.

 

While a couple is being treated for infertility, one or both partners may experience frustration, emotional stress, feelings of inadequacy, and guilt. They may alternate between hope and despair. Feeling isolated and unable to communicate, they may become angry at or resentful toward each other, family members, friends, or the doctor. The emotional stress can lead to fatigue, anxiety, sleep or eating disturbances, and an inability to concentrate. In addition, the financial burden and time commitment involved in diagnosis and treatment can cause marital strife.

 

These problems can be lessened if both partners are involved in and are given information about the treatment process (including how long it takes), regardless of which one has the diagnosed problem. Knowing what the chances of success are, as well as realizing that treatment may not be successful and cannot continue indefinitely, can help a couple cope with the stress.

 

Information about the following is also helpful:

 

When to end treatment

When to seek a second opinion

When to consider adoption

For example, if pregnancy has not occurred after 3 years of attempting it or after 2 years of being treated for infertility, the chance of pregnancy is low and adoption can be considered. Ideally, couples should ask for this information before treatment is begun.

 

Counseling and psychologic support, including support groups such as RESOLVE and Path2Parenthood, can help.

1. CORONA VIRUS
2. MONKEY POX
3. VAGINAL DRYNESS
4. FIBROID
5. INFERTILITY
6. OVULATION CYCLE
7. OVARIAN CANCER
8. VAGINAL BACTERIA
9. MALE INFERTILITY
10. BEST DAYS OF CONCIEVING
11. MUCUS AFTER OVULATION
12. FOODS FOR ERECTILE FUNCTIONS
13. PREGNANCY ANEMIA
14. DO AND DONT DURING PREGNANCY
15. ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
16. U.T.I IN PREGNANCY
17. STROKE RISK
18. EAT THIS NOT THAT
19. HOOKWORMS INFECTION
20. OMEGA 3 BENEFITS
21. FASTING
22. WEIGHT LOSS TIPS
23. vitiligo
24. ABORTION
25. DENGUE VIRUS
26. EBORA VIRUS
27. FEVER
28. URINARY TRACT INFECTION
29. HOSPITAL INFECTIONS
30. WEST NILE VIRUS
31. YELLOW FEVER
32. EYE DISEASE
33. ZIKA VIRUS
34. STRESS
35. IRON DEFFICIENCE
36. INSOMNIA (SLEEPING PROBLEMS)
37. HEART PROBLEMS
38. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
39. BLOOD DISORDER
40. LABORATORY TEST OF BLOOD DISORDER
41. BONE MARROW EXAMINATION
42. BLOOD ANEMIA
43. ANIMAL BITES
44. EYE BURN
45. CHOCKING
46. HEAT STROKE
47. SMOKE EFFECTS
48. SNAKE BITE
49. MALARIA VACCINE
50. BEST WAY TO SLEEP A CHILD
51. CHILD FEVER REDUCING
52. ELEPHANTIASIS
53. WOMEN BEARDS
54. DATES
55. PAPAYA FRUITS