What is DNA

 Structure of DNA

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that stores and transmits genetic information. It consists of two strands of molecules, called nucleotides, that form "rungs" on the ladder-like structure. DNA is essential for life, as it holds the instructions for how an organism develops and functions. In humans, each cell has approximately 6 billion base pairs of DNA in its nucleus located within 46 chromosomes. This DNA contains the codes needed to create proteins which are required by cells for growth and repair throughout our lifetime.

 Furthermore, some changes to one's personal genome can lead to health problems or conditions such as cancer or cystic fibrosis when gene mutations disrupt protein production necessary for normal functioning in these parts of our body’s cellular chemistry processes . Therefore understanding more about what makes up our genomes provides valuable insight into preventing disease while providing personalized treatment regimes tailored specifically towards an individual patient’s needs.

Functioms of DNA

The functions of DNA are incredibly diverse, and they are essential for the normal functioning of all organisms. Some of the most important functions of DNA include the following:

 1. Genetic information storage and expression. The main function of DNA is to store genetic information that will be used by an organism in order to develop, survive, and reproduce. This includes key features such as physical attributes and behavioural traits. 

2. Reproduction Assistance. During cell division in sexual reproduction, two strands from each parent's genome come together to form a new strand which can then be used for the production of offspring that contains their parents' genes combined with novel mutations that add variability within species over time . 

3. Regulation Of Metabolism And Enzyme Production: In some cases, parts of our DNA act like switches allowing other molecules or enzymes involved in metabolism control reach sequences so they can regulate metabolic activity inside cells . For example, certain sections may either "turn on" (activate) or "shut down"(inhibit) particular processes taking place inside living cells which allows them stay healthy and keep balance between different systems operating at one time; including those regulating digestion , immunity etc..