GOITER [ROVU]
Goiter is an enlarge of thyroid gland. This cause the
formation of lump in the front of the neck. Worldwide the most common causative
of goiter is iron deficiency and can be
combined with other causes
Types of goitre
1.diffuse goitre.
swelling of the entire thyroid gland. This is called simple goitre in this instance no clear is found for enlargement of
the thyroid,which is usually smooth and soft.it may be asociated with thyroid
growth
2. multnodular/nolular
goitre. Occurs most in elder people development
of nodules or lumps in the thyroid gland.
Causes of goiter
·
Underactive thyroid gland [kupungua kwa tezi ya gland]
·
Overactive thyroid gland [kuzidi kwa tezi ya
gland]
·
Hormonal changes [mabadiliko ya homoni]
·
Iodine deficiency which Is the most cause worldwide
[upungufu wa madini ya iodine]
·
Radiotherapy [mionzi]
·
Nodules or cycts [ vifundo au uvimbe]
·
Thyroid cancer [kansa ya thyroid]
·
Certain medication. [madawa mbalimabli]
Signs and symptoms
of goiter
The size of a goiter can vary considerably .fo most
individual with a goiter,the lump is small and may not cause noticeable
symptoms. goitre are present on examination in up to 9% of the population.The thyroid
is close to various organs such as the trachea,oeephagus,the laryngeal,nerve
and voice box.
·
the majority are painless,but pain or
discomfort can occur in acute aspect.
·
Large goiter can produce dysphagia and difficult
in breathing ,implying oesophageal or tracheal compression
·
Male goiter may be more easily visible [on
swallowing] than palpable
·
Tighten in the throat
·
Voice change
·
Cough
Treatment of goiter
Some individuals with a goiter will be asymptomatic and
treatment is not required immediately.instead the patient can be advied as to
what signs to watch fo.that may indicate worsening of the condition .
Other danger signs sudden increase in size,the rapid onset
of pain or change of the hardness or soften of the gland.
For symptomatic goiter it is essential to determine the underlying
cause of the goiter in order to recommended the most appropriate treatment.
If the cause is underactive or overactive
Thyroid surgary to remove some or all of the thyroid gland
Surgary is uually preffered for thoe who have
malignant,large and unsightly,producing compression of nearby structure,no
medical respond to medical therapy.
Radioiodine treatment to destroy some of the thyroid tissue
Diagnosis of goiter
·
To diagnosis a goiter,the first step involves a
physical examination of the neck to check for signs of swelling in the area
that are consistent with an enlarged thyroid
·
Thyroid function test in the laboratory
How to prevent goiter
For that goiter only importance is to increase in iodine
intake in your diet.food which are enriched with iodine are vitunguu waumu,carrots,
chumvi yenyewe,nanasi,nyanya na mihogo,cabbages.maziwa.ndizi
Also function of thyroid will increase if you perform the exercise
regularly.