DENGUE FEVER

                                                         DENGUE DISEASE

Is the type of disease which is transmitted through mosquito .dengue is transmitted by infected female mosquito. Primarily a day time feeder mosquito and lives around human habitation and lay eggs and produces larvae preferentially in artificial containers.

                              REPLICATION AND TRANSMISSION OF DENGUE VIRUS

·         Virus transmitted to human in mosquito saliva

·         Virus replicate in target organs

·         Virus infects white blood cells and lymphatic tissues

·         Virus released and circulates in blood

·         Second mosquito ingests virus with blood

·         Virus replicates in mosquito midgut and other organs, infects salivary glands

·         Virus replicates in salivary gland.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DENGUE AND DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

o   Undifferentiated fever

o   Classic dengue

o   Dengue hemorrhagic fever

o   Dengue shock syndrome

CLINICA CHARACTERISTICS OF DENGUE FEVER

v  Fever

v  Headache

v  Muscle and joint pain

v  Nausea/vomiting

v  Rash

v  Hemorrhagic manifestation

v  This can be skin hemorrhagic, gingiva bleeding,nasal bleeding,gastro-intestinal bleeding;hematemesis,melena,hematochezia

v  Increased in menstrual flow.

v  Homa ya ghafla

v  Kuumwa kichwa

v  Uchovu

v  Maumivu ya maungo na muscles

v  Kichefuchefu na kutapika

v  Maumivu ya macho

v  Muwasho na vipele vidogo vidogo

Four stages of dengue hemorrhagic fever

ü  Grade 1-fever and nonspecific constitutional symptoms,positive tourniquet test is only hemorrhagic manifestation

ü  Grade 2-manfestation and spontaneous hemoorhagic

ü  Grade 3-signs of circulatory failure [rapid weak pulse,narrow pulse,hypotension,cold/clammy skin]

ü  Grade 4-profound shock  [undetectable pulse and BP]

Danger signs in  hemorrhagic fever

Ø  Abdominal pain

Ø  Persistent vomiting

Ø  Abrupt change from fever to hypothermia, with sweating and prostration

Ø  Restlessness or somnolence

Prevention of dengue fever

Prevention depends on control of and protection from bites of the mosquito that transmits it

The primary method of controlling is by eliminating its habitats by;

§  Emptying containers of water

§  By adding insecticides or biological control agents to these areas

§  Reduce open collections of water through environmental modification

§  Wearing clothing that fully cover the skin to prevent mosquito bites

§  Using mosquito netting or using mosquito repellent

§  Eliminate stagnant water